Since 1934, when the first large-scale control programs were begun in St. Louis, Mo., and Indianapolis, Ind., the effects of this policy through 1951 have been shown in two ways: First, Federal quarantine has been extended to only two States, Ohio and North Carolina; secondly, control treatments have been applied at many isolated infestations and other beetle-collection locations which are not under Federal quarantine regulation.

A few examples of the results of the program at important isolated infested locations illustrate its effectiveness. More than 1,300 beetles were taken in St. Louis in 1934. Lead arsenate surface-soil treatment was applied to about 450 acres. Beetle collections in that treated area were reduced to 14 in 1936, and none has been taken in it since. In a localized infested area in Chicago in 1936, 1,400 beetles were found, and lead arsenate surface-soil treatment was applied. Only 41 beetles were taken in the same area in 1938 and none since 1940. At Highland Park, Ill., 5,000 beetles were taken at one site in 1941. Timely applications of lead arsenate were made, and by 1945 only five beetles could be found in the treated area and none since. More than 3,000 beetles were taken in one area in Detroit in 1947. Lead arsenate soil treatments and DDT foliage treatments apparently controlled this infestation because only 21 beetles were taken in Detroit in 1950. A small infestation at Dahlonega, Ga., has been held in check for several years by soil and foliage treatments.

Most of the remaining isolated control areas perhaps should not be classed as infested because of the small numbers of beetles that have been found. Treatments have been applied at many of these places and they have not become new sources for spread.

All control treatments against this insect in which the Bureau participates are limited to isolated areas not under Federal quarantine regulation. The treatments are on a cooperative basis. State and local governments and sometimes civic groups usually supply the insecticide and labor. Supervision, special equipment, and operators are assigned by the Bureau.

Control or suppression within the Federal quarantine regulated areas is the responsibility of State and local governments and individuals. However, the Bureau has cooperated by helping to establish parasites and disease, conducting research in cooperation with various States to develop methods of control, especially with newer insecticides, and preparation of leaflets, bulletins, and circulars on these modern controls.

WILLIAM MIDDLETON is an entomologist in charge of the Japanese beetle control and gypsy moth certification work of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. He is stationed at the headquarters of the project in Hoboken, N. J.

TIMOTHY C. CRONIN is an entomologist assigned to the same project as assistant to the leader.